Cysts of the oral regions / Classification of odontogenic cyst

Cyst:

It is a pathological cavity lined by epithelium and lumen contain semisolid fluid. Cyst is mainly composed of three parts: 

1. Epithelium

2. Connective tissue capsule

3. Central  lumen

Inflammation is often present which can distort its normal morphology.

Cyst is broadly classified in two groups on the basis of cells invloved in its devolpment.

A. Odontogenic cyst 

B. Devolpmental cyst  (fissural  cyst)

A. Odontogenic Cyst

Cyst derived from cells involved in tooth developemt are known as odontogenic cysts.

Odontogenic cysts are further divided into 3 main types:

1. Cyst derived from Rest of Malassez

a. Periapical cyst

b. Residual cyst

2. Cyst derived from Reduced Enamel Epithelium

a. Dentigerous cyst

b. Eruption cyst

c. Paradental cyst

3. Cyst derived from Dental Lamina (Rests of Serres)

a. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)

b. Lateral periodontal cyst

c. Gingival cyst of adult

d. Dental lamina cyst of newborn

e. Glandular odontogenic cyst

B. Developmental Cyst

These cysts are also known as fissural cyst. It was believed that it derives from embryonic epithelium entapped during development. Now this is misnomer.

Example includes:

a. Nasopalatine cyst

b. Nasolabial cyst

c. Lymphoepithelial cyst

d. Thyroglossal duct cyst

e. Dermoid cyst

f. Epidermoid cyst

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