Thyroglossal tract cyst / histopathology, and clinical features slideshare ppt

Introduction

A cyst located above the thyroid gland and beneath the base of the tongue with a lumen lined by a mixture of epithelial cell types derived from remnants of the embryonic thyroglossal tract and often containing thyroid tissue in the capsule.

• The tract extends from the foramen caecum on the mid dorsum of the tongue to the thyroid gland. 
• 70 to 80% occur below the hyoid bone.
  

Clinical features

• Present in children and young adults.
• Asymptomatic and slowly enlarging.
• Mobile moves upwards with tongue protrusion.
• Present in the anterior neck in the midline.
• It can form a draining fistula.
  

Histopathology

• Lined by stratified squamous epithelium, transition epithelium or ciliated columnar epithelium, or its types.
• Cyst capsule has thyroid Tissue, mucus glands, sebaceous glands.
• Carcimoma can develop occasionally.
  

Treatment

• Operation is Sistrunk operation.
• All tissues involved in the tract from the base of the tongue to the thyroid gland including the middle portion of the hyoid bone.

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